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- XXXXAAAARRRRGGGGSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXAAAARRRRGGGGSSSS((((1111))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- xargs - construct argument list(s) and execute command
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- xxxxaaaarrrrggggssss [options] [ command [initial-arguments] ]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _xxxx_aaaa_rrrr_gggg_ssss constructs a command line consisting of the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and _i_n_i_t_i_a_l-
- _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s operands specified followed by as many arguments read in
- sequence from standard input as will fit in length and number constraints
- specified by the options. _xxxx_aaaa_rrrr_gggg_ssss then invokes the constructed command
- line and waits for its completion. This sequence is repeated until an
- end-of-file condition is detected on standard input or an invocation of a
- constructed command line returns an exit status of 255.
-
- _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, which may be a shell file, is searched for, using one's $$$$PPPPAAAATTTTHHHH.
- If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is omitted, ////bbbbiiiinnnn////eeeecccchhhhoooo is used.
-
- Arguments read in from standard input are defined to be contiguous
- strings of characters delimited by one or more blanks, tabs, or new-
- lines; empty lines are always discarded. Blanks and tabs may be embedded
- as part of an argument if escaped or quoted. Characters enclosed in
- quotes (single or double) are taken literally, and the delimiting quotes
- are removed. Outside of quoted strings a backslash (\\\\) will escape the
- next character.
-
- The generated command line length will be the sum of the size in bytes of
- the command name and each argument treated as strings, including a null
- byte terminator for each of these strings. The _xxxx_aaaa_rrrr_gggg_ssss command will limit
- the command line length such that when the command line is invoked, the
- combined argument and environment lists will not exceed ARG_MAX-2048
- bytes. Within this constraint, if neither the _----_nnnn nor the _----_ssss option is
- specified, the default command line length will be at least LINE_MAX.
-
- OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
- ----LLLL_n_u_m_b_e_r _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed for each non-empty _n_u_m_b_e_r lines of
- arguments from standard input. The last invocation of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
- will be with fewer lines of arguments if fewer than _n_u_m_b_e_r
- remain. A line is considered to end with the first new-line
- unless the last character of the line is a blank or a tab; a
- trailing blank/tab signals continuation through the next non-
- empty line.
-
- _----_llll[_n_u_m_b_e_r]
- Same as -L, except: if _n_u_m_b_e_r is omitted, 1 is assumed; option
- ----xxxx is forced.
-
- ----IIII_r_e_p_l_s_t_r Insert mode: _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed for each line from standard
- input, taking the entire line as a single arg, inserting it in
- _i_n_i_t_i_a_l-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s for each occurrence of _r_e_p_l_s_t_r. A maximum of
- 5 arguments in _i_n_i_t_i_a_l-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s may each contain one or more
- instances of _r_e_p_l_s_t_r. Blanks and tabs at the beginning of each
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
-
-
-
-
-
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- XXXXAAAARRRRGGGGSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXAAAARRRRGGGGSSSS((((1111))))
-
-
-
- line are ignored. Constructed arguments may not grow larger
- than what the kernel _n_c_a_r_g_s value allows (the default as
- shipped is 20480), including room for pointers. This may be
- further reduced, depending on environment size and other
- arguments), and option ----xxxx is forced.
-
- _----_iiii[_r_e_p_l_s_t_r]
- Same as _----_IIII except that {{{{}}}} is assumed for _r_e_p_l_s_t_r if omitted.
- The _----_IIII and _----_iiii options are mutually exclusive; the last one
- specified takes effect.
-
- ----nnnn_n_u_m_b_e_r Execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d using as many standard input arguments as
- possible, up to _n_u_m_b_e_r arguments maximum. Fewer arguments will
- be used if their total size is greater than _s_i_z_e characters,
- and for the last invocation if there are fewer than _n_u_m_b_e_r
- arguments remaining. In any case, a maximum of 1024 arguments
- will be passed per command invocation. This is further reduced
- by any extra command arguments given on the xargs command line.
- If option ----xxxx is also coded, each _n_u_m_b_e_r arguments must fit in
- the _s_i_z_e limitation, else _x_a_r_g_s terminates execution. The _----_LLLL,
- _----_llll and _----_nnnn options are mutually exclusive; the last one
- specified takes effect.
-
- ----tttt Trace mode: The _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and each constructed argument list are
- echoed to file descriptor 2 just prior to their execution.
-
- ----pppp Prompt mode: The user is asked whether to execute _c_o_m_m_a_n_d each
- invocation. Trace mode (----tttt) is turned on to print the command
- instance to be executed, followed by a ????............ prompt. A reply of
- yyyy (optionally followed by anything) will execute the command;
- anything else, including just a carriage return, skips that
- particular invocation of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d.
-
- ----xxxx Causes xxxxaaaarrrrggggssss to terminate if any argument list would be greater
- than _s_i_z_e characters; ----xxxx is forced by the options ----iiii and ----llll.
- When neither of the options ----iiii, ----llll, or ----nnnn are coded, the total
- length of all arguments must be within the _s_i_z_e limit.
-
- ----ssss_s_i_z_e Invoke command using as many standard input arguments as
- possible yielding a command line length less than _s_i_z_e (a
- positive decimal integer) bytes. Fewer arguments will be used
- if the total number of arguments (lines) exceeds that specified
- by the _----_nnnn (_----_LLLL) option or end of file is encountered on standard
- input before _s_i_z_e bytes are accumulated. The maximum _s_i_z_e
- depends partly on the size of the environment, but is limited
- to a maximum of the kernel value of _n_c_a_r_g_s (the default as
- shipped is 20480), including room for pointers. If ----ssss is not
- coded, the maximum is taken as the default.
-
- _----_EEEE_e_o_f_s_t_r Specify a logical end-of-file string to replace the default
- underscore. xxxxaaaarrrrggggssss reads standard input until either end-of-file
- or the logical EEEEOOOOFFFF string is encountered.
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
-
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- XXXXAAAARRRRGGGGSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXAAAARRRRGGGGSSSS((((1111))))
-
-
-
- _----_eeee[_e_o_f_s_t_r]
- Same as _----_EEEE except that the option ----eeee with no _e_o_f_s_t_r coded turns
- off the logical EEEEOOOOFFFF string capability (underbar is taken
- literally).
-
- Note: The _----_eeee, _----_iiii and _----_llll take optional option-arguments that cannot be
- separate arguments.
-
- xxxxaaaarrrrggggssss will terminate if either it receives a return code of ----1111 from, or
- if it cannot execute, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. When _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a shell program, it
- should explicitly _e_x_i_t (see _s_h(1)) with an appropriate value to avoid
- accidentally returning with ----1111.
-
- EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS
- The following will move all files from directory $1 to directory $2, and
- echo each move command just before doing it:
-
- ls $1 | xargs -i -t mv $1/{} $2/{}
-
- or
- ls $1 | xargs -I /{} -t mv $1/{} $2/{}
-
- The following will combine the output of the parenthesized commands onto
- one line, which is then echoed to the end of file _l_o_g:
-
- (logname; date; echo $0 $*) | xargs >>log
-
- The user is asked which files in the current directory are to be archived
- and archives them into _a_r_c_h (1.) one at a time, or (2.) many at a time.
-
- 1. ls | xargs -p -l ar r arch
- 2. ls | xargs -p -l | xargs ar r arch
-
- The following will execute _d_i_f_f(1) with successive pairs of arguments
- originally typed as shell arguments:
-
- echo $* | xargs -n2 diff
-
- DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
- _xxxx_aaaa_rrrr_gggg_ssss exits with 0 when all invocations of command returned exit status
- zero. _xxxx_aaaa_rrrr_gggg_ssss exits with 126 when the command specified was found but
- could not be invoked. _xxxx_aaaa_rrrr_gggg_ssss exits with 127 when the command specified
- could not be found.
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- sh(1).
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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